As a consequence, during the first Eight Centuries of Church history, most major cultural, intellectual, and social developments in the Christian church also took place in that region; for instance, all Developments were not always consistent with the evolution of Western Christianity, where the bishop of Rome, or pope, came to be considered the successor of the apostle Peter and head of the universal church by divine appointment. See more. These prayers are sung particularly at Sunset and Dawn and at certain other times during the day and night.Personal prayer plays an important part in the life of an Orthodox Christian. By worshipping at the Icon the Orthodox Christian enters into a sacred place with God.The icon is venerated and often candles and oil lamps are burnt before them. The priest says the words, "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit" as he makes the sign of the cross at each point.The newly baptised Christian is now a layperson, a full member of the people of God (the 'Royal Priesthood'). All Christians are called to be witnesses to the Truth.The Eucharist, usually called the Divine Liturgy, fulfils the command of Jesus Christ at the Last Supper: "Do this in remembrance of me".As in many Western churches the Eucharist is a service consisting, in the first part, of hymns, prayers, and readings from the New Testament, and in the second the solemn offering and consecration of leavened bread and wine mixed with water, followed by the reception of Holy Communion.The Orthodox believe that by the consecration the bread and wine are truly changed into the Body and Blood of Christ. Many Russian churchmen consistently complained against the submission of the church to the state, but there was little they could do except to lay plans for future reforms. For many Orthodox Christians an important form of prayer is the Jesus Prayer. He should summon the presbyters of the Church, and they should pray over him and anoint (him) with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. A sermon is usually preached either after the reading of the Gospel or at the end of the service. The sacking of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade (1204 AD) intensified Eastern hostility toward the West. Facts about Eastern Orthodox Church inform the readers about the second largest Christian church in the world. The Each church has always had independent administration, but, with the exception of the Church of Rome, which finally separated from the others in the year 1054, are united in faith, doctrine, Apostolic tradition, sacraments, liturgies, and services. Almost two thousand years ago, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came to earth and founded the Church, through His Apostles and disciples, for the salvation of man. By maintaining the purity of the inherited teachings of the Apostles, believers are made more aware of the inspiration of the Holy Spirit being present both in history and at the present day.At the centre of worship and belief is the Eucharist surrounded by the Divine Offices or the Cycle of Prayer. For this reason, it is called the Holy Mountain.For monk and nun alike, their spiritual life should follow the same way of living that all Christians try to achieve by following God's commandants. The Eastern Christmas has a very strong family and social appeal just as it does in the West.

The Orthodox Church differs substantially in the way of life and worship.The Orthodox Church is one of the three main Christian groups (the others being Roman Catholic and Protestant). Baptism of adults and infants is by immersion in water three times in the name of the Chrismation follows immediately after baptism and is by anointing with holy oil called Chrism. By maintaining the correct form of worshipping God, passed on from the very beginnings of Christianity. They draw on elements of Greek, Middle-Eastern, Russian and Slav culture.Each Church has its own geographical (rather than a national) title that usually reflects the cultural traditions of its believers.The word 'Orthodox' takes its meaning from the Greek words The Orthodox tradition developed from the Christianity of the Eastern Roman Empire and was shaped by the pressures, politics and peoples of that geographical area. Eastern Christians believe both the Spirit and the Son have their origin in the Father. In the years which followed, the Apostles spread the Church and its teachings and founded many churches, all united in faith, worship, and the partaking of the Mysteries (or as they are called in the West, the Sacraments) of the Holy Church. Eastern Christians were willing to accept the pope only as first among patriarchs. This is a time of reflection, self-restraint and inner healing in the sacrament of confession.Usually, on Christmas Eve, observant Orthodox Christians fast till late evening, until the first star appears.

"This sacrament,', remarks Sergius Bulgakov, 'has two faces: one turns towards healing, the other towards the liberation from illness by death.Icons are of great importance to Orthodox Christians. At the Little Entrance, the Book of the Gospels is solemnly carried into the sanctuary and at the Great Entrance the bread and wine are carried to the altar for the Prayer of Consecration and Holy Communion.The prayer of consecration is always preceded by the proclamation of the Nicene Creed, frequently by the whole congregation.The Orthodox Church lays particular emphasis on the role of the Holy Spirit in the Eucharist, and in the Prayer of Consecration calls on the Father to send down his Holy Spirit to effect the change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ.There are four different liturgies used throughout the year:Although the Church is a self-governing community the Church recognises the diaconate, the presbyterate or priesthood and the episcopate (bishops).The Bishops in the Orthodox Church are considered to be the direct successors of the original Apostles and they are very much a unifying focus in the Church. The 'Oriental Orthodox Churches' have theological differences with the Eastern Orthodox and form a separate group, while a few Orthodox Churches are not 'in communion' with the others.Not all Churches in the Eastern tradition are Orthodox - Eastern Churches that are not included in the Orthodox group include the Eastern Catholic Churches.The nominal head of the Eastern Orthodox Churches is the Patriarch of Constantinople.

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