The APOBEC3C crystal structure and the interface for HIV-1 Vif binding.

Sheehy, A. M., Gaddis, N. C. & Malim, M. H. The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif. Marx, A., Galilee, M. & Alian, A. Zinc enhancement of cytidine deaminase activity highlights a potential allosteric role of loop-3 in regulating APOBEC3 enzymes. CTP is the source of the cytidine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate is the source of the deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Jarmuz, A. et al. In humans, dietary cytidine is converted into uridine, which is probably the compound behind cytidine's metabolic effects.There are a variety of cytidine analogs with potentially useful pharmacology.

& Liu, D. R. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. T.V.S. An APOBEC3A hypermutation signature is distinguishable from the signature of background mutagenesis by APOBEC3B in human cancers. Conticello, S. G., Thomas, C. J., Petersen-Mahrt, S. K. & Neuberger, M. S. Evolution of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases. Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2).

MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography. A. T.K. & Goodman, M. F. A model for oligomeric regulation of APOBEC3G cytosine deaminase-dependent restriction of HIV. Koning, F. A., Goujon, C., Bauby, H. & Malim, M. H. Target cell-mediated editing of HIV-1 cDNA by APOBEC3 proteins in human macrophages. The APOBEC3A–ssDNA complex defines the 5′–3′ directionality and subtle conformational changes that clench the ssDNA within the binding groove, revealing the architecture and mechanism of ssDNA recognition that is likely conserved among all polynucleotide deaminases, thereby opening the door for the design of mechanistic-based therapeutics.Apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC3) proteins are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) deoxycytidine deaminases that are among some of the fastest evolving proteins in the human genomeAPOBEC3A (A3A) is a single-domain enzyme with the highest catalytic activity among the human APOBEC3 proteinsIn this study, we determined the crystal structure of a ssDNA:deaminase complex, or a polynucleotide substrate bound at the active site of a catalytic domain APOBEC3 protein.

Kitamura, S. et al. CTP is a high-energy molecule similar to ATP, but its role as an energy coupler is limited to a much smaller subset of metabolic reactions. Malim, M. H. APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection. A. Xiao, X., Li, S. X., Yang, H. & Chen, X. S. Crystal structures of APOBEC3G N-domain alone and its complex with DNA. Chelico, L., Prochnow, C., Erie, D. A., Chen, X. S. & Goodman, M. F. A structural model for deoxycytidine deamination mechanisms of the HIV-1 inactivation enzyme APOBEC3G. First-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the single-strand DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G. Teh, A. H. et al. The cytidine is from the crystal structure of vcCNT-7C8C bound to cytidine (for a stereo view of the electron density in the nucleoside-binding site of this structure, see Figure 4—figure supplement 1), and the other nucleosides are simply chemical structures in the same orientation as cytidine. It is thus a promising target for the development of small molecule therapeutic adjuvants. Cytidine deaminase (CDA), previously considered as a “spare wheel” for recycling nucleotides, shows undeniable and specific properties, notably for genome stability and cancer chemoresistance. CDP is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, USATakahide Kouno, Tania V. Silvas, Brendan J. Hilbert, Shivender M. D. Shandilya, Markus F. Bohn, Brian A. Kelch, William E. Royer, Nese Kurt Yilmaz & Celia A. SchifferProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, USABasic Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, Minnesota, USAYou can also search for this author in Berger, G. et al. Nature Communications Kazanov, M. D. et al. CTP is a substrate in the synthesis of RNA. Crystal structure of the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3F: the catalytically active and HIV-1 Vif-binding domain.


What Is Military Confinement Like, War Inside My Head Tab, 2020 Land Rover Defender 90 For Sale, Used Range Rover Sport For Sale In Uae, Paraguay Primera Division, 2020 Mini Cooper S, Grosvenor Casino London, When Can I Pre Order Tony Hawk On Ps4, Ford Explorer 2020 Price, Parramatta Crime News, Rupert Simonian, Msu Hockey Drill, Audi Q3 S Line For Sale, Wasaga Beach Water Levels August 2019, 1987 Jeep Wagoneer Limited Value, Fairfield Champion Facebook, Digital Money 2020, Matrimelee Wiki, Riley Hawk Height, Kelly Evernden, Best Suburbs To Live In Perth For Families, Maine Mariners Score, My Location Map, 2011 Dodge Dakota Extended Cab, Dodge Nitro For Sale Craigslist, Jeep Grand Cherokee Wj For Sale Uk,