†Had two state governments, one Unionist one Confederate, both claiming to be the legitimate government of their state. In foreign affairs the Union was the only side recognized by all other nations, none of which officially recognized the Confederate government. When Washington called for 10 more regiments, enough men volunteered to form 30. In general, the pietistic denominations such as the Methodists, Northern Baptists and Congregationalists strongly supported the war effort. West Virginia set up its system in 1863. In the first few months, men wore low quality uniforms made of "shoddy" material, but by fall, sturdy wool uniforms—in blue—were standard. Especially at five critical stages in the soldier's career (enlistment, blooding, mustering out, wounding and death) letters from absent fathers articulated a distinctive set of 19th-century ideals of manliness.Caring for war orphans was an important function for local organizations as well as state and local government.All the northern states had free public school systems before the war but not the border states.


The Union's great advantages in population and industry would prove to be vital long-term factors in its victory over the Confederacy, but it took the Union a long while to fully mobilize these resources. The Record and Pension Office in 1901 counted 211,000 Northerners who were captured. The first wave in spring was called up for only 90 days, then the soldiers went home or reenlisted. By contrast 464,000 Confederates were captured (many in the final days) and 215,000 imprisoned. The problem was that the War Department, under the disorganized leadership of Pennsylvania, for example, had acute problems. The Union controlled territories in April 1861 were:United States' national government during the American Civil WarThis article is about the civil war period. It would not last throughout the protracted war to come—or even through the year—but in that moment of unity was laid bare the common Northern nationalism usually hidden by the fierce battles more typical of the political arena. Its officers could, however, join the temporary new volunteer army that was formed, with expectations that their experience would lead to rapid promotions. West Virginia separated from Virginia and became part of the Union during the war, on June 20, 1863. Nonpartisanship was the rule in the first year, but by summer 1862, many Democrats had stopped supporting the war effort, and volunteering fell off sharply in their strongholds. Typically, politicians used their local organizations to raise troops and were in line (if healthy enough) to become colonel. The The Protestant clergy in America took a variety of positions. They came with family support for reasons of patriotism and excitement. The cross of St. George, a white banner with a red cross, was adopted in 1327 (some writers favor an earlier date), as the English standard and ensign, and it continued as such until 1606. The more recent moniker, "Grand Union Flag", was first applied in the 19th-century The Grand Union became obsolete following the passing of the The combined crosses in the British Union flag symbolized the union of the In some alternate history fictions set in realities where the American Revolutionary War was either averted or won by Great Britain, the Grand Union Flag has been depicted as the flag of a North American nation within the British Empire.
The Union never recognized the legitimacy of the Confederacy's secession and maintained at all times that it remained entirely a part of the United States of America. However, much of the Union strength had to be used to garrison conquered areas, and to protect railroads and other vital points.

In 1861–63 most were immediately paroled; after the parole exchange system broke down in 1863, about 195,000 went to Confederate prison camps. While business had been slow or depressed in spring 1861, because of war fears and Southern boycotts, by fall business was hiring again, offering young men jobs that were an alternative way to help win the war.

In addition the government sponsored fresh information, scientific methods and the latest techniques through the newly established Agriculture was the largest single industry and it prospered during the war.The Union used hundreds of thousands of animals. He says most men demonstrated dual commitments as providers and nurturers and believed that husband and wife had mutual obligations toward their children. Under the energetic leadership of Governor The Christian Commission comprised 6,000 volunteers who aided chaplains in many ways.The Army learned many lessons and modernized its procedures,Additionally, women gained new public roles. Kentucky's and Missouri's Confederate governments never had significant control. For admission of states into the United States, see Industrial and business leaders and military inventorsIndustrial and business leaders and military inventorsRobert Cook, "Stiffening Abe: William Pitt Fessenden and the Role of the Broker Politician in the Civil War Congress," Bruce Tap, "Inevitability, masculinity, and the American military tradition: the committee on the conduct of the war investigates the American Civil War," Arnold Shankman, "Draft Resistance in Civil War Pennsylvania." Land grants to the railroads meant they could sell tracts for family farms (80 to 200 acres) at low prices with extended credit. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars alternate with rows of five stars. The Union economy grew and prospered during the war while fielding a very large army and navy.In 1860 the Treasury was a small operation that funded the small-scale operations of the government through land sales and customs based on a low tariff.The United States needed $3.1 billion to pay for the immense armies and fleets raised to fight the Civil War—over $400 million just in 1862 alone.Apart from taxes, the second major source of income was government bonds.

The United States flag: the red, white and blue standard—flying above ranks of blue-clad troops, remained mostly unchanged during the war other than to add a star when the 34th state, Kansas, was admitted to the Union on January 29, 1861. Jane Flaherty, "'The Exhausted Condition of the Treasury' on the Eve of the Civil War," Sarah T. Phillips et al.


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